Begin with the Development Landscape rather than a predetermined solution. Understand the context, existing initiatives, institutions, stakeholders, capabilities, constraints, opportunities and questions requiring investigation.

Question assumptions and proposed approaches. Compare emerging DISI–DIIaaS propositions with established knowledge and practice, and identify weaknesses, uncertainties and possibilities.

Bring relevant stakeholders together to develop or refine the proposed approach, application, methodology, solution or intervention.

Determine whether what is emerging is sufficiently understood and prepared to proceed. Progression is not automatic.

Move appropriate propositions into controlled real-world application through research, prototypes, pilots, institutional applications, technology demonstrations or wider Development Landscapes.

Observe what actually happens: what works, what remains uncertain, what fails, what creates unintended consequences and what requires further investigation. Validation should be progressive and evidence-led.

Return to the Development Landscape. Changes generated by intervention, and changes occurring independently of it, create new conditions, new questions and new intelligence.

Knowledge & Research — universities, researchers and professional institutions. Solutions & Applications — technology providers, businesses, experts and development organisations. Development Landscapes — governments, municipalities, communities and development partners.